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An attempt at an ontological critique of Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance
Sajvera, David ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
An attempt at an ontological critique of Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance The starting point of the paper is Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance as a pre-reflective experience of separation of the Self and the outer world. This emerges in the very early (prenatal) stages of ontogenesis and forms the basis of our belief in the reality of outer world. We try to explicate Dilthey's insights more precisely by pursuing the interpretation of his conception by other authors, confronting it with a phenomenological approach and reflecting on the possibilities of ontological grounding of the term. Dilthey's analysis of resistance met with explicit responses from Martin Heidegger and Max Scheler, and became one of the main topics of a debate between them, triggered by Scheler's response to Being and Time. Heidegger rejects Dilthey's concept of resistance, claiming that resistance is characteristic of an ontic entity, but it never characterizes the world in the ontological sense. Resistance always presupposes the disclosure of the world, and also disclosed is that which our will or instinct aim for. A key role here is played by the existential structure of Sorge. Scheler revises Dilthey's original concept and purifies it from some untenable ontic characteristics (e.g. resistance as a content...
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Crisis of the Life-World
Holá, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Krize přirozeného světa The crisis of the Life-world PhDr. Klára Holá This doctoral thesis called The crisis of the Life-world is an interdisciplinary theoretical treatise on a problem of the crisis in connection with the Life-world, the main phenomenological issue. The crisis is related to the Life-world itself. The thesis tries to explain the problem of the crisis as a timeless concept ontologically related to a human being, as well as an ethical issue accompanying the development of the modern society. The aim of the thesis is to define the crisis of the Life-world, to describe its symptoms in the various areas, and to outline some possible solutions. To achieve the aim I have divided the conception of the crisis into two meanings which are related to each other: the ontological crisis and the ethical crisis. My hypothesis has proved the ontological crisis unavoidable, as it springs from the ambivalent position of the human being whereas we can balance the ethical aspects in various ways. I have used the comparative and phenomenological method as well as the phenomenological-hermeneutic methods of the text-interpretation. I also used the specific phenomenological method of transcendental epoché. Therefore, I have preferred the interdisciplinary access to this problem. The access can reveal in the...
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Crisis of the Life-World
Holá, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Krize přirozeného světa The crisis of the Life-world PhDr. Klára Holá This doctoral thesis called The crisis of the Life-world is an interdisciplinary theoretical treatise on a problem of the crisis in connection with the Life-world, the main phenomenological issue. The crisis is related to the Life-world itself. The thesis tries to explain the problem of the crisis as a timeless concept ontologically related to a human being, as well as an ethical issue accompanying the development of the modern society. The aim of the thesis is to define the crisis of the Life-world, to describe its symptoms in the various areas, and to outline some possible solutions. To achieve the aim I have divided the conception of the crisis into two meanings which are related to each other: the ontological crisis and the ethical crisis. My hypothesis has proved the ontological crisis unavoidable, as it springs from the ambivalent position of the human being whereas we can balance the ethical aspects in various ways. I have used the comparative and phenomenological method as well as the phenomenological-hermeneutic methods of the text-interpretation. I also used the specific phenomenological method of transcendental epoché. Therefore, I have preferred the interdisciplinary access to this problem. The access can reveal in the...
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Psychotherapy as education for authenticity. The Life-world as a psychotherapeutic problem
Slaninka, Michal ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Our dissertation thesis Psychotherapy as education for authenticity - Life-world as a psychotherapeutic problem deals with ontological foundations of psychotherapy. We present the change of understanding of a man and the world from antiquity to now. Psychotherapy as a new discipline is based on subject - object understanding and tries to understand human being from this perspective which changes into internal conflict. We consider that psychotherapy and psychology aren't aware of their ontological foundations. The core of this work is based on principles of Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's fundamental ontology as conditions of natural psychotherapy. They both bring appropriate understanding of human being. Therefore we consider basic principles of natural psychotherapy. Keywords: Life - World, psychotherapy, authenticity, ontology, education, time
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